Taming Complexity in Computer Architecture through Modern AI-Assisted Design and Education

The escalating complexity inherent in modern computer architecture presents significant challenges for both professional hardware designers and students striving to gain foundational understanding. Historically, the steady improvement of computer systems was driven by transistor scaling, predictable performance increases, and relatively straightforward architectural paradigms. However, with the end of traditional scaling laws and the rise of heterogeneous and parallel architectures, designers now face unprecedented intricacies involving power management, thermal constraints, security considerations, and sophisticated software interactions. Prior tools and methodologies, often reliant on complex, command-line driven simulations, exacerbate these challenges by introducing steep learning curves, creating a critical need for more intuitive, accessible, and efficient solutions. To address these challenges, this thesis introduces two innovative, modern tools.

The first tool, SimScholar, provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) built upon the widely-used gem5 simulator. SimScholar significantly simplifies the simulation process, enabling students and educators to more effectively engage with architectural concepts through a visually guided environment, both reducing complexity and enhancing conceptual understanding. Supporting SimScholar, the gem5 Extended Modules API (gEMA) offers streamlined backend integration with gem5, ensuring efficient communication, modularity, and maintainability.

The second contribution, gem5 Co-Pilot, delivers an advanced framework for architectural design space exploration (DSE). Co-Pilot integrates cycle-accurate simulation via gem5, detailed power and area modeling through McPAT, and intelligent optimization assisted by a large language model (LLM). Central to Co-Pilot is the Design Space Declarative Language (DSDL), a Python-based domain-specific language that facilitates structured, clear specification of design parameters and constraints.

Collectively, these tools constitute a comprehensive approach to taming complexity in computer architecture, offering powerful, user-friendly solutions tailored to both educational and professional settings.